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Biological
and medical scientists study living organisms and their relationship
to their environment. They research problems dealing with life
processes. Most specialize in some area of biology such as zoology
(the study of animals) or microbiology (the study of microscopic
organisms).
Many biological scientists and
virtually all medical scientists work in research and development.
Some conduct basic research to advance knowledge of living organisms,
including viruses, bacteria, and other infectious agents. Past
research has resulted in the development of vaccines, medicines, and
treatments for cancer and other diseases. Basic biological and medical
research continues to provide the building blocks necessary to develop
solutions to human health problems, and to preserve and repair the
natural environment. Biological and medical scientists mostly work
independently in private industry, university, or government
laboratories, often exploring new areas of research or expanding on
specialized research started in graduate school. Those who are not
wage and salary workers in private industry typically submit grant
proposals to obtain funding for their projects. Colleges and
universities, private industry, and Federal Government agencies, such
as the National Institutes of Health and the National Science
Foundation, contribute to the support of scientists whose research
proposals are determined to be financially feasible and have the
potential to advance new ideas or processes.
Microbiologists investigate
the growth and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as
bacteria, algae, or fungi. Medical microbiologists study the
relationship between organisms and disease or the effect of
antibiotics on microorganisms. Other microbiologists specialize in
environmental, food, agricultural, or industrial microbiology,
virology (the study of viruses), or immunology (the study of
mechanisms that fight infections). Many microbiologists use
biotechnology to advance knowledge of cell reproduction and human
disease.
Career Sources and Professional
Organizations
SAMPLE JOB TITLES
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Entry
Level: |
Experienced: |
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Assistant
Scientist |
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Geneticist |
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Biological
Technician |
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Microbiologist |
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Clinical
Data Processor |
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Physician |
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Pharmaceutical
Sales Rep |
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Public
Health Administrator |
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Research
Assistant |
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Research
Biologist |
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Technical
Sales Rep |
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Veterinarian |
ENHANCING EMPLOYABILITY
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Participate in internships,
fieldwork and/or laboratory research |
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Computer skills essential |
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Courses in mathematics, physics,
and computer science helpful |
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Ability to work independently |
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Ability to communicate ideas in
writing, visually and verbally |
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Strong ability to work under
pressure |
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